IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi MAC Frame
- If a device wants to communicate to other devices it should have some medium like RF signals to communicate.
- To perform the transmission we need some kind of frame format & specifications.
- In IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi MAC Frame format we have Frame header ,Frame Body and Frame check sequence(FCS).
Frame Header | Frame Body | Frame check sequence (FCS) |
Frame Header
The frame header contains information about the where the frame is going, the data rate, cipher suite used to encrypt data frames etc.
Frame Body
Frame body contains the layer 3-7 information
Frame check sequence (FCS)
It is a 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) used to check the errors.
WiFi MAC Frame Header
Frame control | Duration ID | Address 1 | Address 2 | Address 3 | Sequence Control | Address 4 | Qos Control | HT Control | Body | FCS |
- Frame control
- Duration ID
- Address 1
- Address 2
- Address 3
- Sequence Control
- Address 4
- Quality of service Control (Qos)
- HT Control
- Frame Body
- FCS (frame check sequence)
Frame control
We have three types of frames
- Management Frames : It is used to manage the Basic Service Set (BSS).
- Control Frames : It is used to control the access to the medium.
- Data Frames : It contains payload.
These Frame control consists of complete information about the frame.
Protocol version | Type | Subtype | To DS | From DS | More fragmentation | Retry | Power management | More Data | Protected frame | Order |
- Protocol Version : It shows the current version like 802.11a ,b ,n,ac,ax etc. Default it is set to “zero”.
- Type : It defines the type of the frame whether it is management frame or control frame or Data frame
- Sub type : It defines the subtype of a frame, there are different subtypes for each type of frames like beacon, probe request and probe response in management frames and RTS and CTS in control frames etc.
- To DS : It is indicated as 1 If it’s destination is to Distributed system
- From DS : It is the indicated as 1 If it is starts from Distribution system
To DS | From DS | Address 1 | Address 2 | Address 3 | Address 4 |
0 | 0 | RA=DA | TA=SA | BSSID | N/A |
0 | 1 | RA=DA | TA=BSS ID | SA | N/A |
1 | 0 | TA=BSS ID | TA=SA | DA | N/A |
1 | 1 | RA | TA | DA | SA |
6.More Fragmentation : If it is set to 1 there are more frames are available to receive.
7. Retry : It is set to 1 if current frame is re-transmitting.
8.Power Management : If it is set to 1 it is power save mode
9.More Data : If it set to 1 it indicates more data is there to transmit
10.Protected Frame :It indicates whether the frame is protected or not
11.Order : It indicates the order of the frame.
Types of frames
- Management frames
- Control frames
- Data frames
Management frames
They are used by stations. There is a total of 12 802.11 Management Frames
- Association Request
- Association Response
- Re-association request
- Re-association response
- Probe Request
- Probe Response
- Beacon
- Authentication Request
- Authentication Response
- De-authentication
- De-association
- Action
Control Frames
802.11 Control Frames assist with the delivery of data frames. There are 8 Control Frames
- Block Acknowledgment Request
- Block Acknowledgment
- Ps-poll
- Request to send
- Clear to send
- Acknowledgment
- CF end
- CF end Acknowledgment
Data Frames
802.11 Data Frames are mainly used to carry data. There is a total of 15 802.11 Data Frames
- Data
- Data+CF-Ack
- Data+CF-Poll
- Data+CF-Ack+CF-Poll
- Null
- CF-Ack
- CF-Poll
- CF-Ack+CF-Poll
- QoS Data
- QoS Data+CF-Ack
- QoS Data+CF-Poll
- QoS Data+CF-Ack+CF-Poll
- QoS Null
- QoS CF-Poll
- QoS CF-Ack+CF-Poll
귀하의 플랫폼에 제공하신 풍부한 지식에 감사드립니다. 귀하의 콘텐츠는 제가 이해하는 폭을 넓히는 데 중요한 역할을 했으며 귀하의 사이트가 제공하는 모든 것을 계속 탐색하게 되어 기쁩니다.
나는 단지 당신이 하는 놀라운 일에 진심으로 감사를 표하고 싶었습니다. 귀하의 콘텐츠는 제 모든 것을 변화시켰으며 귀하의 플랫폼에서 또 무엇을 배울 수 있을지 기대됩니다. 모든 것에 감사드립니다!
At this time it appears like BlogEngine is the preferred blogging platform available right now. (from what I’ve read) Is that what you’re using on your blog?
Great article and straight to the point. I am not sure if this is in fact the best place to ask but do you folks have any ideea where to get some professional writers? Thanks 🙂
Hi my friend! I want to say that this article is awesome, great written and come with almost all vital infos. I would like to peer extra posts like this .
I gotta favorite this site it seems very helpful very useful
I love the efforts you have put in this, regards for all the great content.
I absolutely love your blog and find the majority of your post’s to be just what I’m looking for. Do you offer guest writers to write content in your case? I wouldn’t mind producing a post or elaborating on a number of the subjects you write with regards to here. Again, awesome website!
I went over this web site and I conceive you have a lot of fantastic information, saved to fav (:.
Thankyou for this post, I am a big big fan of this site would like to proceed updated.
F*ckin¦ tremendous things here. I am very satisfied to look your article. Thanks so much and i am taking a look ahead to contact you. Will you please drop me a mail?
I enjoy you because of your own efforts on this website. My daughter takes pleasure in getting into investigations and it is simple to grasp why. All of us notice all regarding the powerful way you create functional tactics by means of your blog and as well welcome contribution from other people about this area of interest so our own princess is without a doubt studying a lot. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the new year. Your performing a great job.
Hmm it appears like your blog ate my first comment (it was extremely long) so I guess I’ll just sum it up what I wrote and say, I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog. I too am an aspiring blog writer but I’m still new to everything. Do you have any helpful hints for first-time blog writers? I’d genuinely appreciate it.
It’s hard to search out educated individuals on this matter, but you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks
Hello! I could have sworn I’ve been to this blog before but after browsing through some of the post I realized it’s new to me. Anyways, I’m definitely happy I found it and I’ll be book-marking and checking back frequently!
Hi, just required you to know I he added your site to my Google bookmarks due to your layout. But seriously, I believe your internet site has 1 in the freshest theme I??ve came across. It extremely helps make reading your blog significantly easier.
But wanna remark on few general things, The website layout is perfect, the written content is very great. “Good judgment comes from experience, and experience comes from bad judgment.” by Barry LePatner.
ibgad8
BWER empowers businesses in Iraq with cutting-edge weighbridge systems, ensuring accurate load management, enhanced safety, and compliance with industry standards.
Simply wanna input on few general things, The website design is perfect, the content material is real excellent : D.
Hi there would you mind letting me know which hosting company you’re working with? I’ve loaded your blog in 3 completely different web browsers and I must say this blog loads a lot faster then most. Can you suggest a good internet hosting provider at a fair price? Thanks, I appreciate it!
Thanks for helping out, fantastic info. “If you would convince a man that he does wrong, do right. Men will believe what they see.” by Henry David Thoreau.
An intriguing discussion is definitely worth comment. I believe that youu should publish
more about tis topic, it may not be a taboo subject but usually people don’t
talk agout thesae subjects. To the next! Cheers!! https://Menbehealth.Wordpress.com/
Hello to all, the contents existing at this web page aare in fact amazing for people experience, well,
keep upp the nice work fellows. https://Aisschool.ru/blog/index.php?entryid=201960
Hi, I do think this is a great website. I stumbledupon it
😉 I will revisit yet again since I saved as a fvorite it.
Money and freedcom is tthe best way to change, may you be rich and continue
to help others. https://Altaqm.nl/employer/freelance-research-consultant/
I almost never leave a response, but i did some searching and wound
uup here IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi MAC Frame – Techpirats.
And I do have some questions for you if it’s allright.
Is iit just me or does it give the impression like some oof the esponses look like
they are coming from brain dead people? 😛 And, if you are writing
on additional places, I’d like to keep up with
anything new yoou hae to post. Woul you make
a list of the complete urls of your shared pages like
your Facebook page, twitter feed, orr linkedin profile? https://Dandaelitetransportllc.com/employer/dissertation-assistance/
My partner and I stumbled over here coming from a different web address and thought I might as
well check things out. I like what I see so now i aam following you.
Lookk fotward to looking at your web page repeatedly. https://bezraboten.com/employer/boggs/
MetaMask Extension is my favorite crypto tool. The security features and ease of use make it perfect for both beginners and pros.
MetaMask Download is essential for beginners. The interface is simple, and it guides users step-by-step to secure their digital assets.
MetaMask Chrome makes blockchain access seamless. I can connect to dApps and interact with DeFi platforms in just a few clicks.
I’ve been looking for something like this.
Experimente o Cassino Online b2x bet e Ganhe Rápido!
MetaMask Chrome simplifies NFT purchases. Connecting to OpenSea and other marketplaces is seamless and secure.
all the time i used to read smaller articles oor reviews which as well
clear their motive, and that is also happening with
this piece of writing which I am reading at this time. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/7-best-proofreading-editing-services-2025-edu-reviewscom-ohjqe/?trackingId=JLV3SiVFCOKHpBTriGKetA%3D%3D
Greetings from California! I’m bored to death at work so I dcided to check out your blog on my
iphone during lunch break. I really like the info you predent hre and can’t wai to take a lkok when I get home.
I’m shocked at how fast your blog loaded on my cell phone ..
I’m not even using WIFI, just 3G .. Anyhow, amazing blog! https://Www.Pinnaclefiber.COM.Pk/employer/moniz/
I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting my own blog and was wondering what all is required to get set up? I’m assuming having a blog like yours would cost a pretty penny? I’m not very web savvy so I’m not 100 sure. Any suggestions or advice would be greatly appreciated. Appreciate it
Hi, Neat post. There is an issue along with your website in web explorer, could check this? IE nonetheless is the marketplace chief and a huge portion of other folks will miss your great writing due to this problem.
Hi there, simply was aware of your blog via Google, and located that it is truly informative. I?m going to watch out for brussels. I will appreciate should you proceed this in future. Numerous people shall be benefited out of your writing. Cheers!
Howdy! I could have sworn I’ve visited this blog before but
afterr going through many of the posts I realized it’s
new to me. Nonetheless, I’m definitely pleaseed I discovered it
and I’ll be book-marking it and checking back often! https://rota-do-saber-noroeste.blogspot.com/2025/04/exploring-educational-opportunities-for.html
I’m not that much of a internet reader to be honest but your blogs really nice, keep it up! I’ll go ahead and bookmark your site to come back down the road. Many thanks
Hey there! I’ve been following your blog for some time now and finally got the bravery to go ahead and give you a shout out from Huffman Tx! Just wanted to mention keep up the good work!
A person essentially lend a hand to make seriously posts I would state. That is the first time I frequented your website page and so far? I amazed with the analysis you made to create this particular publish incredible. Great task!
Thanks for the tips shared using your blog. Something else I would like to mention is that fat loss is not all about going on a dietary fad and trying to shed as much weight that you can in a set period of time. The most effective way to shed pounds is by taking it little by little and right after some basic tips which can enable you to make the most from a attempt to shed weight. You may recognize and be following these tips, however reinforcing expertise never does any damage.
Greetings from California! I’m bored at work so I decided to browse your site on my iphone during lunch break. I love the information you present here and can’t wait to take a look when I get home. I’m surprised at how quick your blog loaded on my cell phone .. I’m not even using WIFI, just 3G .. Anyhow, great blog!
Terrific paintings! This is the kind of information that are supposed to be shared across the internet. Disgrace on the search engines for not positioning this submit upper! Come on over and seek advice from my web site . Thank you =)
Hi would you mind letting me know which webhost you’re using? I’ve loaded your blog in 3 completely different web browsers and I must say this blog loads a lot quicker then most. Can you recommend a good web hosting provider at a fair price? Thank you, I appreciate it!
I?ve been exploring for a little for any high-quality articles or weblog posts in this kind of area . Exploring in Yahoo I eventually stumbled upon this web site. Reading this info So i am happy to exhibit that I’ve an incredibly good uncanny feeling I came upon just what I needed. I so much no doubt will make certain to don?t omit this website and provides it a look on a constant basis.
I am really impressed with your writing skills as well as with the structure on your blog. Is this a paid topic or did you customize it yourself? Either way keep up the nice high quality writing, it?s uncommon to see a nice weblog like this one today..
What?s Happening i am new to this, I stumbled upon this I’ve found It absolutely useful and it has helped me out loads. I hope to contribute & aid other users like its helped me. Great job.
I don?t even know how I ended up here, but I assumed this put up was great. I don’t understand who you might be but definitely you are going to a famous blogger in the event you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
Howdy! I know this is kinda off topic but I’d figured I’d ask. Would you be interested in trading links or maybe guest writing a blog article or vice-versa? My blog covers a lot of the same topics as yours and I believe we could greatly benefit from each other. If you might be interested feel free to shoot me an email. I look forward to hearing from you! Fantastic blog by the way!
Today, considering the fast life style that everyone leads, credit cards get this amazing demand throughout the market. Persons out of every area of life are using credit card and people who aren’t using the credit card have made up their minds to apply for even one. Thanks for giving your ideas in credit cards.
With havin so much content do you ever run into any issues of plagorism or copyright infringement? My blog has a lot of unique content I’ve either written myself or outsourced but it appears a lot of it is popping it up all over the internet without my permission. Do you know any techniques to help protect against content from being stolen? I’d really appreciate it.
Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wanted to say that I’ve truly enjoyed surfing around your blog posts. After all I will be subscribing to your rss feed and I hope you write again soon!
Thanks for your short article. I would like to say a health insurance dealer also works well with the benefit of the actual coordinators of a group insurance plan. The health insurance agent is given a listing of benefits sought by individuals or a group coordinator. Exactly what a broker really does is seek out individuals or perhaps coordinators which will best fit those requirements. Then he presents his ideas and if each party agree, this broker formulates binding agreement between the 2 parties.
I have observed that online diploma is getting preferred because attaining your college degree online has developed into popular method for many people. Quite a few people have certainly not had a possibility to attend an established college or university yet seek the raised earning possibilities and a better job that a Bachelor Degree affords. Still some others might have a qualification in one course but would wish to pursue one thing they now develop an interest in.
I just could not depart your site prior to suggesting that I really enjoyed the standard information a person provide for your visitors? Is going to be back often to check up on new posts
Hey there are using WordPress for your blog platform? I’m new to the blog world but I’m trying to get started and set up my own. Do you need any coding expertise to make your own blog? Any help would be greatly appreciated!
Thanks, I have recently been hunting for information about this subject matter for ages and yours is the best I have discovered so far.
very good submit, i actually love this website, carry on it
I?ve been exploring for a little bit for any high-quality articles or blog posts on this sort of area . Exploring in Yahoo I at last stumbled upon this website. Reading this info So i?m happy to convey that I’ve an incredibly good uncanny feeling I discovered just what I needed. I most certainly will make sure to don?t forget this web site and give it a glance regularly.
Pretty section of content. I just stumbled upon your web site and in accession capital to assert that I acquire actually enjoyed account your blog posts. Anyway I will be subscribing to your feeds and even I achievement you access consistently fast.
Can I simply say what a aid to seek out someone who actually knows what theyre speaking about on the internet. You definitely know find out how to convey a problem to light and make it important. Extra folks must read this and understand this side of the story. I cant consider youre no more in style since you definitely have the gift.
It is really a nice and useful piece of information. I am glad that you shared this helpful info with us. Please keep us informed like this. Thanks for sharing.
I loved as much as you’ll receive carried out right here. The sketch is tasteful, your authored subject matter stylish. nonetheless, you command get bought an edginess over that you wish be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably come further formerly again since exactly the same nearly a lot often inside case you shield this hike.
I am glad to be one of the visitors on this outstanding website (:, regards for putting up.